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Wireless Technologies

2 min read

Wireless Technologies

Created: 2025-11-25 Tags: fundamentals wireless networking connectivity

Description

Wireless technologies enable device communication without physical cables. Understanding these technologies is crucial for securing modern networks and devices.

Key Concepts

WiFi (802.11 Standards)

  • 802.11a/b/g/n/ac/ax: Different WiFi generations
  • Frequency bands: 2.4 GHz and 5 GHz
  • Security protocols: WEP, WPA, WPA2, WPA3
  • SSID and broadcasting
  • Access points and routers

Bluetooth

  • Short-range wireless communication
  • Pairing and bonding mechanisms
  • Bluetooth versions and profiles
  • BLE (Bluetooth Low Energy)

NFC (Near Field Communication)

  • Very short-range communication (< 4 cm)
  • Contactless payments
  • Access control systems
  • Device pairing

Infrared (IR)

  • Line-of-sight communication
  • Remote controls
  • Legacy technology
  • Limited modern use

Security Considerations

WiFi Security

  • Encryption: Always use WPA3 or WPA2 minimum
  • Hidden SSIDs: Security through obscurity (limited effectiveness)
  • MAC filtering: Additional access control layer
  • Guest networks: Network segmentation
  • Rogue access points: Unauthorized APs on network

Bluetooth Security

  • Bluejacking: Sending unsolicited messages
  • Bluesnarfing: Unauthorized access to device data
  • BlueSmishing: SMS phishing via Bluetooth
  • Pairing vulnerabilities: Man-in-the-middle attacks

NFC Security

  • Eavesdropping: Intercepting NFC communications
  • Relay attacks: Extending NFC range
  • Data modification: Altering transmitted data

Attack Vectors

  • Evil twin attacks
  • WiFi deauthentication attacks
  • Packet sniffing on unsecured networks
  • Bluetooth exploitation
  • NFC relay attacks

Best Practices

  • Use strong encryption (WPA3)
  • Disable WPS (WiFi Protected Setup)
  • Regular firmware updates
  • Strong passwords for wireless networks
  • Disable Bluetooth when not in use
  • Use VPN on public WiFi

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